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tarsal coalition
Tarsal Coalition (also known as Peroneal Spastic Flatfoot : Calcaneonavicular bar : Talocalcaneal bar : Tarsal synostosis : Tarsal dysostosis) is an abnormal bridge of tissue that connects two normally-separate tarsal bones. The term ‘tarsal’ refers to the seven bones in the rear to mid part of the foot known as the tarsus.〔Debra Draves. ''Anatomy of the Lower Extremity'', 1986, p.101〕 The term ‘coalition’ means a coming together of two or more entities to merge into one mass.〔English Language Dictionary, 2007〕 The term “bar” refers to the abnormal “bar of bone” or fibrous tissue between the two bones. The bones of children are very malleable in infancy. This will generally mean that, despite the presence of a coalition, the bones can deform enough to allow painless walking until the child’s skeleton has matured enough.〔Mihran O. Tachdjian, ''Pediatric Orthopedics'', 1990〕 'Skeletal maturing' means that bone is laid down in the tissue that forms the immature bone shape gradually until adult bone is achieved at about the age of seventeen years in the feet. Other body parts reach skeletal maturity at different times. The onset of symptoms related to a tarsal coalition usually occurs at about nine to seventeen years of age, with a peak incidence occurring at ten to fourteen years of age.〔Mihran O. Tachdjian, ''Pediatric Orthopedics'', 1990〕
==Anatomy==
Anatomically, the abnormal connecting ‘bridge’ is virtually all cartilage in the young child, often nearly all bone in an adult and a mixture as the skeleton ossifies in between these ages. Some fibrous tissue (like gristle) is often also involved. When the bridging link becomes bony enough, it results in a limitation of motion and this brings about the onset of pain.〔Mihran O. Tachdjian, ''Pediatric Orthopedics'', 1990〕
The bones of the tarsus are the rear most bones in the adjacent diagram: calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuboid, medial cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform and lateral cuneiform bones.〔Debra Draves, ''Anatomy of the Lower Extremity'', 1986, p 107.〕 These bones create the two major foot joints - the subtalar and midtarsal joints - that allow complex motions to occur in the feet. These motions are necessary for such activities as walking over uneven terrain and creating a gait that allows normal function of the knees, hips, back, etc..
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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